世界著名的 MAYO CLINIC 关于 hypothermia 的官方文章。
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hypothermia/DS00333/DSECTION=7
转自ezlife.com
英文原文及翻译如下（水平有限，如有不当，请不吝赐教）
Hypothermia（低体温症）
Treatment（治疗）
Seek immediate medical attention for anyone who appears to have hypothermia. （任何人出现“低体温症”，应立即接受治疗）
Until medical help is available, follow these guidelines for caring for someone
with hypothermia.（在得到正式治疗前，请遵循下面的指引对患者进行保护和救治）
What to do（应做什么？）
1. Move the person out of the cold.（将患者搬离寒冷的地方。） Preventing additional heat loss is crucial. （防止其他可能的热量损失是非常重要的。）
If you're unable to move the person out of the cold, shield the person from
the cold and wind as best you can. （如果你不能令患者离开寒冷的环境，应尽可能令患者避免继续受冷和风吹。）
2.Remove wet clothing. （脱下湿的衣物）If the person is wearing wet clothing, remove it and replace it with a dry covering. （如果患者穿着湿的衣物，脱下它并为其换上干的衣服。）Cover the person's head. （遮挡患者的头部，戴帽）Try not to move the person too much. （尽量不要过多移动患者）Cut away clothing if you need to. （如果需要，可脱掉衣服。）
3. Insulate the person's body from the cold ground.（将患者与寒冷的地面隔离开） Lay the person faceup on a blanket or other warm surface. （令患者仰卧于毯子或其他温暖的表面上）
4.Monitor breathing. （检测呼吸）A person with severe hypothermia may appear unconscious, （当发生严重“低体温症”时，患者会不省人事）with no apparent signs of a pulse or breathing.（无明显得脉搏和呼吸） If the person's breathing has stopped or appears dangerously low or shallow, （如果患者出现呼吸停止或危险的很浅的呼吸）begin cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR) immediately if you're trained. （如果你曾经接受过心肺复苏训练，立即对其进行心肺复苏）
5. Share body heat. （分享体温）To warm the person's body, remove your clothing and lie next to the person, making skin-to-skin contact.（脱去你的衣服，躺卧，与患者紧密接触 以温暖患者的身体）Then cover both bodies with a blanket. （同时两人皆盖上被子）
6.Provide warm beverages. （提供暖的饮料）If the affected person is alert and is able to swallow, （如果患者尚有知觉并可吞咽）have the person drink a warm, nonalcoholic beverage to help warm the body. （给他饮用暖的，不含酒精的饮料以帮助身体恢复体温）
What not to do（什么不可以做？）
1.Don't apply direct heat. （不能直接加热）Don't use hot water, a heating pad or a heating lamp to warm the victim.（不能用热水，热的垫子或热的灯照直接加热患者） Instead, apply warm compresses to the neck, chest wall and groin. （取而代之，用暖的敷布敷在脖子、胸部和腹股沟处）Don't attempt to warm the arms and legs. （不要尝试使手脚温暖）Heat applied to the arms and legs forces cold blood back toward the heart, lungs and brain, （加热四肢迫使冷的血液回流入心脏、肺部和大脑）causing the core body temperature to drop. （导致核心体温降低）This can be fatal. （这会致命）
2.Don't massage or rub the person. （不要摩擦或按摩患者）Handle people with hypothermia gently because they're at risk of cardiac arrest. （慢慢地恢复患者体温，因为他们正处于危险和心脏较衰弱之中）
3.Don't provide alcoholic beverages. （不能提供含酒精的饮品）Alcohol lowers the body's ability to retain heat. （酒精会降低机体保持热量的能力）
What a doctor may do（医生会怎样做）
A doctor will be able to take steps to warm the body from the inside out, if
necessary. （如果有必要，医生会逐步令患者从内而外地温暖起来）One method may involve giving the person warm fluids intravenously. （其中一个方法是给予患者温暖的静脉滴注）In severe cases of hypothermia, hemodialysis may restore normal body temperatures quickly. （在严重的“低体温症”病例，血液透析会很快地恢复患者正常体温）Hemodialysis is a medical procedure that removes extra fluid, chemicals and wastes from the blood by filtering the blood through an artificial kidney.（血液透析为一种医疗方法，使化学物质和水通过，即血液和透析液在透析器(人工肾)内借半透膜接触和浓度梯度进行物质交换） It's often used in people with kidney failure.（它通常用于肾衰竭病人） In a hypothermia situation, （在“低体温症”时）the blood is removed purely to warm it rapidly outside the body and then have it returned to the body.（血液能完全地在外界迅速温暖后重新输入身体）
RELATED
Hypothermia: First aid
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Jun 10, 2005
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